What is GERD?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common digestive disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when stomach acid and other contents flow back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing. The reflux of acid into the esophagus can lead to irritation and damage over time, resulting in a condition known as esophagitis. If left untreated, it can also increase the risk of more serious complications, such as esophageal ulcers, narrowing of the esophagus (strictures), and even esophageal cancer.
Causes
The main cause of GERD is a malfunctioning lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a ring of muscle that separates the esophagus from the stomach. When the LES is weak or relaxed, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing inflammation and irritation. Normally, the LES opens to allow food to pass into the stomach and closes to prevent acid from refluxing. When the LES doesn’t function properly, it allows stomach contents to flow back, leading to symptoms. In some cases, a hiatal hernia, where part of the stomach bulges into the chest, may also contribute to GERD.
Risk Factors
There are several risk factors that can increase the likelihood of developing the issue, including obesity, pregnancy, smoking, and certain medications. Some foods and drinks can also trigger symptoms, such as spicy or fatty foods, citrus fruits, chocolate, caffeine, and alcohol. Eating large meals, lying down immediately after eating, and eating close to bedtime can also exacerbate symptoms. Stress and poor eating habits may also contribute to the severity of GERD symptoms, although they are not direct causes.
Symptoms
Symptoms can range from mild to severe and can include:
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Heartburn (a burning sensation in the chest)
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Chest pain
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Difficulty swallowing
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Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
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Sore throat or hoarseness
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Coughing or wheezing
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Bad breath
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Feeling of a lump in the throat or a persistent cough
In some cases, symptoms may be mistaken for other conditions, such as heart disease or asthma, because the symptoms overlap. It’s important to know your symptoms and to explain to your doctor all of the possible issues you are having. The issue can be dealt with, but it does require intervention from a medical professional. Calling us to let us guide you is a great option to deal with the issue.
Diagnosis and Treatment
If you suspect that you have GERD, it’s important to see a doctor for an accurate diagnosis. Your doctor may perform an endoscopy, a test that uses a small camera to examine the inside of the esophagus and stomach. They may also recommend lifestyle changes, such as losing weight, avoiding certain foods and drinks, and avoiding lying down for a couple of hours after eating.
There are also several medications that can help to reduce symptoms. These medications work by reducing the amount of acid produced by the stomach, which can help to prevent acid reflux. Common treatments include antacids, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and H2 blockers. In some cases, your doctor may recommend surgery or other procedures to strengthen the LES and prevent acid reflux.
Conclusion
If left untreated, GERD can lead to more serious complications, but with the right treatment, the symptoms can be managed effectively. Chronic GERD can lead to conditions like esophagitis, ulcers, and even Barrett’s esophagus, which increases the risk of esophageal cancer. At Virginia ENT, we offer comprehensive evaluation and treatment options to help you manage it and improve your quality of life. Our specialists will work closely with you to determine the most appropriate treatment plan, tailored to your needs. If you suspect you have the issue, don’t hesitate to reach out to our specialists for guidance and care. Early intervention is key to preventing long-term complications and ensuring lasting relief.
